Phage Based Diagnostics

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Research

Actiphage® is phage-based technology that is able to detect extremely low levels of live mycobacteria in a wide range of species and samples.

The Actiphage assay has been used to screen individual people and animals using blood. In cattle, milk is also an alternative sample type and at herd level bulk tank milk can be used. The test is capable of detecting less than 10 cells per 50ml milk sample within just 6 hours.

The phage assay referred to in the following research papers is PBD Biotech’s patented Actiphage product.

Human TB

Proof of concept study uses high sensitivity Actiphage assay to identify low level Mycobacterium tuberculosis in immunocompetent patients with active and incipient TB:

Verma, R. et al, ‘A novel high sensitivity bacteriophage-based assay identifies low level M. tuberculosis bacteraemia in immunocompetent patients with active and incipient TB’, Clinical Infectious Diseases, ciz548

Further trials are underway in the UK, Canada and internationally. Please contact us for more information.

Johne’s Disease – cattle blood samples

The development and use of Actiphage® to detect a range of mycobacteria, including bovine TB and Johne’s disease, from blood samples [as mentioned above]:

B. M. C. Swift et al, ‘The development and use of Actiphage® to detect viable mycobacteria from bovine tuberculosis and Johne’s disease‐infected animals‘, Microbial Biotechnology (2019)

Detection of Johne’s disease infection of new-born calves in the first days of life:

Pelletier C. et al, ‘Detection of active infection of new-born calves by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in first days of life‘, Abstract presented at the European Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians Congress (2018)

Improving rapid phage-based detection of Johne’s disease in the blood of experimentally infected cattle:

B. Swift et al, ‘Evaluation of the limitations and methods to improve rapid phage-based detection of viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the blood of experimentally infected cattle‘, BMC Veterinary Research (2016), 12 (1), 115

Development and evaluation of a rapid phage-based method for detection of Johne’s disease in cattle blood:

Swift B. et al, ‘Development of a rapid phage-based method for detection of viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in blood in 48h‘, Journal of Microbiological Methods (2013), 94 (3), 175-179

Johne’s Disease – blood samples of other livestock

Development of a rapid method for detection of Johne’s disease in blood samples from farmed deer: 

Kubala A, et al. ‘Development of a method to detect Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in the blood of farmed deer using Actiphage® Rapid‘, Frontiers in Veterinary Science (2021) 8:665697 

MAP – Mycobacteria in dairy products

Survival of MAP in retail-bought pasteurised milk:

Gerrard Z.E. et al, ‘Survival of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in retail pasteurised milk‘, Food Microbiology (2018), 74, 57-63

Detection of live MAP in powdered infant formula by phage assay:

Botsaris G. et al, ‘Detection of viable Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in powdered infant formula by phage-PCR and confirmed by culture‘, International Journal of Food Microbiology (2016), 216, 91-94

Bovine TB – cattle blood samples

The development and use of Actiphage® to detect a range of mycobacteria, including bovine TB and Johne’s disease, from blood samples:

B. M. C. Swift et al, ‘The development and use of Actiphage® to detect viable mycobacteria from bovine tuberculosis and Johne’s disease‐infected animals‘, Microbial Biotechnology (2019)

Read more about this paper >

Gatcombe Farm – a novel enhanced cattle testing programme, overseen by vet Dick Sibley to achieve Officially TB Free status: 

R. J. Sibley BVSc HonFRCVS, ‘The investigation of a persistent outbreak of bovine tuberculosis using a novel enhanced cattle testing programme and evaluation of environmental contamination‘, Paper presented at the British Veterinary Cattle Association Congress (2018)

Evidence of bovine tuberculosis in skin test positive cattle detected using 48 hour phage amplication testing protocol:

Convery T., Rees C. et al, ‘Evidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteraemia in intradermal skin test positive cattle detected using phage-RPA‘, Virulence (2016), 7 (7), 779-788

Multiplicity of infection:

Huynh A., Hill P., Swift B., Rees C, ‘Use of 2, 3, 5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to assay the kinetics of phage and host interactions‘, Poster presented at Phages 2021

Research articles

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ECCMID

Actiphage® TB diagnostic finds live mycobacterium tuberculosis in the blood of people with incipient TB

April 23, 2022
A clinical trial of Actiphage, a promising new diagnostic for tuberculosis infection, has shown for the first time that live bacteria can be detected in the blood of people with incipient TB infection.
ECCMID

Actiphage® TB diagnostic finds live mycobacterium tuberculosis in the blood of people with incipient TB

April 23, 2022
A clinical trial of Actiphage, a promising new diagnostic for tuberculosis infection, has shown for the first time that live...
mycobacteria

Bacteriophage shows promise for detection and treatment of tuberculosis

March 7, 2022
Bacteriophages, viruses that infect and kill bacteria, offer the potential of a powerful tool for detecting and treating mycobacterial infections such as tuberculosis (TB), authors of a review in the journal Microorganisms* have reported.
mycobacteria

Bacteriophage shows promise for detection and treatment of tuberculosis

March 7, 2022
Bacteriophages, viruses that infect and kill bacteria, offer the potential of a powerful tool for detecting and treating mycobacterial infections...
Tomas Richardson

Disruptive phage technology attracts top scientist to PBD Biotech

January 18, 2022
“PBD Biotech has developed an exciting and potentially disruptive technology that uses bacteriophage to improve the molecular diagnosis of tuberculosis” says Dr Tomas Richardson.
Tomas Richardson

Disruptive phage technology attracts top scientist to PBD Biotech

January 18, 2022
“PBD Biotech has developed an exciting and potentially disruptive technology that uses bacteriophage to improve the molecular diagnosis of tuberculosis”...
huynh-phg21-poster-final-web

Multiplicity of infection – Albert Huynh presents research at Phages 2021

September 22, 2021
Albert’s research, ‘Use of 2, 3, 5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to assay the kinetics of phage and host interactions’, is sponsored by PBD Biotech through the BBSRC CASE initiative, and was co-authored by fellow Nottingham student Philip J. Hill and PBD...
huynh-phg21-poster-final-web

Multiplicity of infection – Albert Huynh presents research at Phages 2021

September 22, 2021
Albert’s research, ‘Use of 2, 3, 5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to assay the kinetics of phage and host interactions’, is sponsored...
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developers of phage-based diagnostics

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PBD Biotech Ltd
Link House, Elm Farm Park,
Great Green, Thurston,
Suffolk IP31 3SH,
United Kingdom

Registered Company Address
Ingenuity Centre,
University of Nottingham,
Innovation Park, Triumph Rd,
Nottingham NG7 2TU,
United Kingdom

T: 01359 231856
info@pbdbio.com

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PBD Biotech

Health Protection Scotland has launched a consultation on bovine tuberculosis diagnostic testing - but only the skin test? Why not the use of a blood test, pre-movement to keep Scotland OTF status by detecting early infection? @P_H_S_Official @BritishVets

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PBD Biotech

Johne's Disease is a ticking time bomb in the dairy herd, now Actiphage provides a pre-breeding blood test to stop its transmission. We explain the relevance of new research that proves the link between mycobacteria in the blood and the development of TB

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PBD Biotech

Delighted to be taking our Actiphage tuberculosis blood test to Zambia, in a collaborative project with @ZambartResearch, @LSHTM, @LeicResearch The aim is to test its sensitivity in a real world setting. #Tuberculosis #EndTB #InvestToEndTB

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